论清代史馆修史、幕府修史及私家修史的互动

在清代,史馆、幕府和私家这三类修史形式一直是并存发展的。在治史范围和思想倾向上,三者有明显差异,史馆基本上垄断了国史和当代史的纂修,幕府修史的范围则随着政治环境和幕主个人兴趣的变化而变化,私家修史对社会变迁特别敏感,其研究范围往往最能体现时代特点。同时,这三类修史形式又因为幕主的政治身份和学人们的流动而发生联系,从而使不同的史学思想、修史理念在之间传播、交流。在具体的修史活动中,三者一直处在互动状态,史馆修史或刺激、或打压幕府、私家的修史活动,始终处于主导地位,决定着幕府、私家修史的盛衰消长,而幕府、私家修史在某种程度上也迫使官方不断调整修史政策,以适应社会的变化。

The Interaction of History Compilation Among the state,the Officer Staff and the Individuals

In Qing Dynasty, although historical bureau's and official commander's compiling history and private compiling history had their relatively independent fields in compiling history, they formed a connection with each other because of political identity of masters from Office of commander and scholars' flow. In specific activities of compiling history, the three of them were in the interactive state all the time. Historical bureau's compiling history was in a leading position either to urge the development of official commander's compiling history and private compiling history or to give them oppression.Meanwhile, official commander's compiling history and private compiling history also had compact on historical bureau's compiling history.