对地缘政治学批判的再思考

本文探讨了政治地理学最重要流派的地缘政治学的理论、发展和实践;对“反动”的德国地缘政治学历史批判的渊源进行了探索。作者认为,地缘政治学在二次大战后的一度衰落,仅是其理论组成之一的国家有机体学说,而另一理论组成的地缘战略学研究一直是地缘政治学研究的主流,是历史和当今国际关系研究的重要基础;德国的地缘政治学,其理论的合理部分,其研究所用的方法,对今天的地缘政治学研究仍有意义,应该历史地、客观地、科学地探讨德国地缘政治学的合理内核,恢复其作为一门科学的应有地位,促进政治地理学学科的发展。

Rethinking of Criticism to Geopolitics

Based on a lot of historical literatures, this paper has approached the theories, developments and practices of Geopolitics, which is one of the most important schools of thought of political geography, and explored the historical origins of criticism to the German geopolitics (Geopolitik) as well. THe paper has pointed out that during and ever since World War II, Geopolitics hasbeen so severely criticised that the discipline fell into its decline sventually. But this decline just occurred in the organic state theory, which was one of the two two streams of thought in Geopolitics, while the theoretical researches and practices in another stream of the discipline, that is in Geostrategy, have made considerable headway and become the important foundation of study in the international relationships. As for Geogpolitics, the paper has suggested that its reasonable portion of theory and the mothods used in researches still have practical significance. Geographers should historically, objectively, and scientifically make effort to excavate the reasonable elements of Geopolitics, resume its proper position as a scientific subject and promote the further development of political geography.