良渚古城老虎岭水坝遗址考古剖面保护研究与工程实践

良渚古城老虎岭水坝遗址是我国迄今发现最早的大型水利工程系统中的一处典型遗存,对中国文明起源和世界文明史的研究具有重要意义。为清晰地展示老虎岭水坝土遗址上“草裹泥”筑坝工艺的痕迹,针对温热、潮湿、多雨环境土遗址保护的难题,在总结吸取国内土遗址保护经验教训的基础上,借助浙江大学的研究成果和敦煌研究院的工程经验,提出了一套避免使用化学材料加固,而以“黑屋+隔水+控湿”为主的小环境控制工程策略,包括:构建遮光大棚以避雨和抑制绿色生物生长；铺设防水毯以防止坝体渗水；设置电加热玻璃罩以保湿和封闭展示面；采用气相补水以调控空气湿度和土体含水率；采用植物精油等绿色环保技术防治微生物；同时做好遗址实时监测和管护等。这套综合保护措施是土遗址保护理念和工程实践的一次新的尝试。

Research and engineering practice of archaeological section protection of the Laohuling Dam site in Liangzhu Ancient City

The Laohuling Dam site in Liangzhu Ancient City is a typical relic of the earliest large-scale water conservancy project system discovered in China, and is of great significance to the study of the origin of Chinese civilization and the history of world civilization. In order to clearly show the traces of the “grass wrapped in mud” on the soil site, and in view of the problem of protecting soil sites in the warm, humid and rainy environments, we have proposed a set of engineering strategies to avoid the use of chemical materials for reinforcement. These strategies summarize the experience and lessons learned from the protection of domestic soil sites and refer to the research results of Zhejiang University and the engineering experience of Dunhuang Academy. The engineering strategies of “wet method protection + small environment control” include:1) building a light isolation protection shed to inhibit the growth of green organisms; 2) laying a waterproof blanket to control the dam body water seepage; 3) setting up the electric heating glass cover to seal the display surface of the dam body; 4) using a gas-water humidification system to keep constant air humidity and soil moisture content; 5) using plant essential oils and other green environmental protection technologies to control microorganisms; 6) doing a good job in real-time monitoring and management of the site. This comprehensive measure has been applied to the engineering practice of the archaeological section protection of the Laohuling Dam site in Liangzhu Ancient City, Hangzhou. This is a new attempt in terms of the protection concepts and engineering measures of soil sites. Although there are still many shortcomings, it could undoubtedly provide a reference for the protection of similar soil sites in the future.