Evaluating protein residues on Gainey phase Paleoindian stone tools |
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Authors: | Mark F Seeman Nils E Nilsson Garry L Summers Larry L Morris Paul J Barans Elaine Dowd Margaret E Newman |
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Institution: | aDepartment of Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA;bNobles Pond Excavation Program, Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA;cDepartment of Archaeology, The University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada;dDepartment of Biological Sciences, The University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada |
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Abstract: | Blood protein analysis provides a method for acquiring and interpreting archaeological data bearing on human–animal relationships. The present study makes use of cross-over immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) and a large sample of stone tools (N = 130) from an early Paleoindian site pertaining to the Gainey phase (ca. 11,200 BP) of the Midwestern USA. Results are used to interpret toolkit organization and site structure, and indicate that hafted tools with longer use-life potentialities are more likely to be associated with preserved residues than are tools of a more ad hoc or situational character. Protein residues derived from cervids are the largest category of identified samples, a result consistent with an interpretation that these animals were important first-line resources of Gainey phase populations. The identification of caribou (Rangifer sp.) is notable. Interpretations of subsistence importance, however, must be tempered by an appreciation of the possible confounding effects of tool manufacture and maintenance in early Paleoindian contexts. |
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Keywords: | Cross-over immunoelectrophoresis Blood protein Gainey phase Nobles Pond Paleoindian |
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