历史层累视角下的地方形成机制探讨——以北京东高村镇为例

在工业空间的演替过程中,地方是如何形成的?这是地理学探究的问题。本文结合多琳·梅西地方历史层累理论,以北京平谷东高村镇为例,采用访谈方法,调查当地不同时期和同时期内各种动力对该镇地方性的影响。结论表明:资本作用和提琴技艺传承的能动性是决定东高村镇是否保持地方性的关键。本文认为:第一,一个地方历史层累的过程可以视为资本在当地的积累过程。第二,经济层与文化层的互动,以及多元主体的进入,使得原本不构成地方性的制琴技艺,试图转化成为地方性知识传承创新系统。第三,地方还由层内不同行动者与资本结构的博弈产生,一旦行动者无法突破资本结构的束缚,将导致地方性削弱。

ON MECHANISM OF PLACE MAKING IN THE VIEW OF ‘HISTORICAL LAYERS’ THEORY: A CASE OF DONGGAOCUN TOWN IN BEIJING

This paper tries to find the dynamic of place making by an investigation of Donggaocun Town in Pinggu District, Beijing. It is well known by violin factories cluster. This research takes concepts of structuralist dynamics and actors interaction. It also uses ‘historical layers’ of Doreen Massey. Interview is the way to collect information of the industrial space succession in this town. The violin craftsmanship in this town has diffused in varied ways during the three stages of this violin industrial cluster. They are skill formation, passing skill to workers and.getting into the education of local schools. At the same time, Donggaocun Town has transformed the image of their town from ‘Town of Violin’ to ‘China Music Valley’. The conclusions are as following. Firstly, the historical layers show the process of capital accumulation there. Profit-driven power of capital is the structuralist driving factor, which influences violin cluster's boom and evacuating. Donggaocun Town locates at the expanding area of Pinggu District. The expectation of potential land value growth is another dynamic of the investment to industrial land. Secondly, the local government and musicians play important roles to link the economy to the local culture. They make the violin craftsmanship become an element of the place this place and create a local knowledge innovation system. Officials and teachers play as ‘actors’ defined by Michel Callon and Bruno Latour in their Actor-Network Theory, who preserve the traditional skills.If the local tacit knowledge transfers to others and other places, the knowledge innovation system could still support the region upgrading to the "Chinese Music Valley". Moreover, the paper argues that dynamic of place making plays between the structure and actors. Both of them would control the space production and reproduction during the process of place making.