中国城市化发展的人居环境支撑条件分析

在构建人居环境支撑条件评价体系基础上,采用均方差赋权法对全国286个地级以上城市人居环境支撑条件进行综合评价,并结合空间计量方法进一步探讨人居环境支撑条件对城市化水平的影响效应。结果显示:我国城市人居环境支撑条件整体不高;人居环境支撑条件空间差异显著,呈现出东部、中部、东北、西部依次递减的区域性特征;人居环境支撑条件子系统亦存在空间不均衡与发展不同步现象,且生态环境、居住条件、社会经济与公共服务设施支撑条件依次降低;人居环境支撑条件与城市化水平存在对应关系与部分错位现象。空间计量分析验证人居环境支撑条件对城市化水平具有显著的促进作用,但普通OLS回归却低估人居环境支撑条件对城市化水平的带动能力。

ANANALYSIS OF SUPPORTING CONDITIONS OF LIVING ENVIRONMENT FOR URBANIZATION DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA

This paper constructed a comprehensive assessment system of living environment for 286 cities over prefecture level (excluding Lhasa) from four aspects:supporting conditions of housing conditions, ecological environment, public facilities and social economy. The standard variance method was adopted to evaluate the levels of living environment and subsystems. Furthermore, we also applied spatial econometric analysis to discuss the effect of living environment on urbanization. The results showed that:① as a whole, supporting conditions of living environment were low in China and should be improved as soon as possible; ② there were significant spatial differences in supporting conditions of living environment, and they showed a regional character that quality of living environment decreased from eastern, central, northeastern areas to western area;③ spatial inequality and unbalanced development also existed in subsystems of living environment while supporting conditions of ecological environment, living conditions, social economy and public service facilities were decreasing;④ there were corresponding relationship and partial mismatch between supporting conditions of living environment and urbanization level;⑤ spatial econometric analysis proved that supporting conditions of living environment could promote the development of urbanization significantly.