重庆市城市贫困空间特征和影响因素研究——兼论东西部城市的异同

中国城市社会经济转型与重构背景下,城市贫困空间特征是城市地理学研究的重要议题之一。本文以西部城市重庆为例,探讨贫困空间的分布、演变和影响因素,并兼论与东部城市的异同。研究显示,在重庆市层面,贫困空间分布差异扩大,都市区得到较大程度改善,渝东北偏远县城则逐渐恶化。在都市区层面,贫困空间分布非均衡性较强,与老城区、工业及其配套居住区耦合。这种特征受到"体制"和"市场"因素的系统作用,体制因素是历史空间继承、早期住房政策与分配制度、城市规划对保障住房的布局引导;市场因素体现在区域经济发展差异、基础设施投资建设、房地产开发和内城选择性更新等。根据西部城市的贫困特征,反贫困政策应该重点促进都市区局部地区和偏远辖县区的发展。

SPATIAL PATTERN AND DRIVING FORCES OF URBAN POVERTY OF CHONGQING CITY: DISCUSSION ON SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EASTERN AND WESTERN CITIES IN CHINA

Based on the MLSP (Minimum Living Standard Programmer) recipients' data, this paper analyses the distribution, evolution and driving forces of urban poor in Chongqing city. Meanwhile, the paper discusses the similarities and differences between eastern and western cities of China. Compared with eastern cities of China, there are similarities and differences in spatial pattern and driving forces of urban poverty in western parts of Chinese cities. The similarity exists in spatial distribution of urban poor in inner parts of cities. Residential neighborhoods with high poverty incidences are located in parts of inner cores and industry parks in planned economy. The spatial differentiation of urban poverty in western cities has been increasing during the past ten years, while it has been decreasing in eastern cities. The lagging regional economy development and infrastructure investment and construction result in exacerbated distribution of urban poor in outer districts and counties, which differs from that of eastern cities. The research result suggests that, according to the characteristics of urban poverty in western cities, anti-poverty policies should focus on promoting economic development of some parts of metropolitan areas, as well as the outer districts and counties with higher poverty incidences.