关于“乡愁”的空间道德和地方道德评价

乡愁涉及空间和地方,且与人之情感密切关联,故关于乡愁的研究与地理学密切相关。文化的重要功能之一就是指引人们的空间实践。文化地理学的任务之一则是从文化上理解和评判空间和地方的现象。本文分析立场是人文主义地理学,以及由之派生的道德地理学。本文从空间和地方两个维度分析乡愁的背后的道德,并列举了较为成功的乡愁实践案例。归纳出的结论有三:第一,乡愁的道德具有大小、距离、移动性的空间维度。第二,乡愁的道德具有身体层面、经验层面和社会建构层面的地方性质。第三,无论是空间道德评价还是地方道德评价,都在回答对自己、对他者、对自然的态度,在评判留住乡愁的空间规划实践是否"合理"。本文最后提出了文化地理学关于乡愁空间道德和地方道德的分析框架,以供读者讨论。

ON THE MORALITY OF NOSTALGIA

Many scholars have been discussing about the topic of "keeping the visible natural landscape and people's nostalgia under the urbanization in China" since the central government of China issued a new document at a conference of urbanization in the end of 2013. Nostalgia relates to space and place and is closely associated with people's emotions. So the concept of Nostalgiais closely related to geography. One of culture functions is guiding people's mind and behavior. Of course it includes guiding people's spatial behavior and place practice. So one of the core tasks of cultural geographers is understanding and judging the phenomena which exist in spaces and places. The epistemology of this study stems from humanistic geography which considers nostalgia as a need of humanity. And this study also relates to moral geography and ethical geography which are originated from humanism geography. This perspective looks at nostalgia in a moral context.This study introduces two dimensions of moral analysis for nostalgia practice. One is space, the other is place. This paper includes several case studies of nostalgia practice, which show how to judge them in a humanistic geography context. Our conclusions are the following. First, the morality of nostalgia should be considered from a spatial perspective, just like size, distance and mobility. Second, the morality of nostalgia should be considered as having three distinct dimensions: body, living experiences and social construction.Third, both spatial dimension and place dimension for nostalgia practice judgement, they all answer the basic questions of morality: how do we treat ourselves, how do we treat others, and how do we treat nature. At the end of this paper, an analysis framework of cultural geography to nostalgia study comes out. It needs to be discuss by the readers of this paper.