中国足球俱乐部空间分布变化及其影响力分析

采用GIS技术、百度大数据和相关模型,以1994、2004和2014年为时间节点,对中国足球俱乐部的空间分布格局、动态变化规律及其社会影响力进行了分析。结果表明:①1994-2014年,中国足球俱乐部主要分布在环渤海、珠三角、长三角、长江与黄河中下游、京广沿线,分布范围扩展、集聚性先增后减;中超俱乐部主要分布在东部沿海城市,集聚性逐渐增强,中甲和中乙俱乐部空间分布格局趋向均匀化;②2014年,中超、中甲和中乙俱乐部综合影响力之比为28:7:1,俱乐部影响力前三强广州恒大、北京国安和山东鲁能,影响力空间分布格局表现出明显的圈层分布特征,中西部地区俱乐部较少、影响力低,强影响力区与高密度区并不完全重合,影响力与俱乐部历史、成绩、升降级、区域足球文化相关。

ANALYSIS ON SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND INFLUENCE OF FOOTBALL CLUBS IN CHINA

The study of the spatial distribution pattern of football is receiving increasing attention, but methodology so far has used qualitative rather than quantitative methods. Based on an investigation of football clubs that take part in Chinese football association super league, first league, second league in 1994, 2004 and 2014, Using GIS technology and some quantitative analysis methods, such as average nearest neighbor index, directional distribution, kernel density function and inverse distance weighted interpolation, and constructing club affect Index based on home audiences and search index of Baidu big data on match day, the spatial distribution pattern,dynamic variation and social effect of football clubs in China have been analyzed. The results indicate that: ① In 1994-2014, the Chinese football clubs are mainly distributed in the Bohai Sea, the Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze and Yellow River, and Beijing-Guangzhou railway along. ② In 2014, the comprehensive influence of CSL/CFL/C2L clubs ratio is 28:7:1 and the top three influence clubs are Guangzhou Evergrande, Beijing Guoan and Shandong Luneng Taishan. The spatial distribution patterns of clubs' influence area show significant circle layer and spatial gradient effect, and high-impact areas are located in Guangzhou, Beijing and Jining city. However, strong influence areas don't entirely coincide with high density areas. There are fewer clubs in central and western regions and their effects are very low.