我国大学生就业城市选择意愿及其影响因素分析

引导大学生合理的就业流动是促进各类城市协调发展的有效途径。本文以不同类型的就业城市为研究对象,通过全国7个城市的1600余份调查问卷,利用多项Logit模型分析了我国大学生就业城市的选择意愿及影响因素。研究表明,大学生倾向以自身生源地为界限对劳动市场的地域进行二元划分,职业发展机遇和家庭因素在就业地的选择中最为重要,地区特质和自然生态环境的影响最弱,生源地和个人观念都与就业地的选择显著相关。在此基础上提出引导大学生就业流动的政策建议。

EMPLOYMENT LOCATION CHOICE OF CHINESE COLLEGE STUDENTS AND ITS DETERMINANTS

This paper divides Chinese cities into 5 categories:the 1st tier includes 4 cities as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Guangzhou; the 2nd tier includes the other provincial cities, sub-provincial cities and province capitals; the 3rd tier is defined as big cities with a population more than 1 million; the 4th tier is medium and small sized cities and rural areas are defined as the 5th tier. The paper analyzes the employment location choice preference of college students among the 5 region tiers and its determinants, using individual survey data from more than 1600 college students from 10 universities which are located in 7 cities across the country. A migration pattern, which is a one-way bottom-up flow from lower tier regions to higher tier regions, is revealed by the data analysis. A multinomial logit model shows that students divide the labor market region dichotomously based on their original cities. This empirical result supports the dual labor market theory from a spatial perspective. This indicates that Chinese college graduates are domestic and economic well-being oriented in terms of employment migration, which is in line with the assumption of economic opportunity theory. Lastly, the paper gives administrative advice to guide college students' employment migration:firstly, universities can function as potential catalysts for "brain gain" in regional development and recruiting students from lower region tiers (i.e. less developed medium-sized to small cities and rural areas) helps retain local intelligence in these areas. Secondly, a lower entry point of residential status (hukou) to graduates' family members and a family friendly environment will help lower region tiers attract well-educated labor since family factor is a quite important determinant for location choice. The provision of social service such as medical service, education, social welfare should be strengthened as well as a strategy to solve the "brain drain" problem. Thirdly, guiding university graduates to adjust their personal beliefs and economic values is an effective approach to promote a more diversified employment location choice.