城市收缩现象、过程与问题

城市并不总是增长。在人口峰值过去后人口收缩将是部分城市面临的一个不可避免的趋势。这将是我国和全球城市发展的新议题。根据国际上的最新进展,阐释了收缩城市的概念、起源和影响因素,描述了城市收缩的过程及表现,介绍了国外城市的应对措施;指出国内研究主要还集中于资源型城市的衰退方向;强调城市收缩作为客观的城市发展过程,具有不可避免性,也有别于城市衰退,需要更加客观科学地对待。初步介绍和探讨了国外城市在人口减少时采取的城市规划和管理方法,包括如何通过公众参与、产业转型生态环境保护、土地利用规划调整和交通住房改造等措施,来促进城市发展和提高居民生活质量,为我国的城市发展和转型提供有益启示。

CITY SHRINKING: PHENOMENON,PROGRESS AND PROBLEMS

Cities are not always growing. In particular, population is likely to peak very soon and socioeconomic activities are inclined to agglomerate in several regions. Under these circumstances, some cities have faced population decline, which is an irritable trend for both the world and China. More and more developed countries are facing the increasingly severe shrinkage in cities, and this phenomenon triggered a series of complex social problems. Western countries had studied extensively about the issue of shrinking city, but in China, the study of shrinking city is still in a shallow stage. Drawing on very recent studies on urban shrinkage, the paper introduces the definition, origins and phenomena of shrinking cities. For the cities facing the population loss more than two years, and undergo the structural economic crisis, we could call them "shrinking city". It divided the reasons of shrinking to three causes, de-industrialization (mostly in Britain), system adjustment (mostly in Germany) and suburbanization (mostly in America). It further described the process and influence factors of urban shrinkage. To be specific, the paper considered the factors influenced shrinking cities are the adjustment of economic structure, the change of the social population structure, the change of urban spatial structure, resource depletion and political factors. Urban shrinkage process cannot be planned, so the policy decisions is naturally unpredictable. Moreover, urban shrinkage process and performance in different cities show different phenomenon and levels. Furthermore, by introducing the response from foreign countries, including aspects of land use, life quality, managing strategy and planning practice, this paper shows a multiple choice for Chines cities which are experiencing or about to experience Shrinkage.