国内外旅游城镇化研究进展

作为一种特殊类型的城镇化,旅游城镇化已成为新型城镇化的重要抓手,同时也是旅游地理学研究的重要课题。本文在对国内外相关文献综合梳理的基础上,对旅游城镇化的概念内涵、驱动因素、特征与影响进行研究对比与综合评述。通过对上述问题的系统回顾,展示旅游城镇化的发展历程及研究价值,辨明旅游城镇化研究的核心问题,以期为该领域的深入研究提供有力支撑。在当前中国旅游城镇化的消费特征、社会阶层、主客关系、身份认同、城市与文化表征亟需深入探索与案例研究的背景下,国外有关旅游城镇化发展模式与特征的研究成果,对我国未来的旅游城镇化具有重要的指导与借鉴意义。

REVIEW OF TOURISM URBANIZATION

As a special type of urbanization, tourism urbanization is an important research topic of Tourism Geography. Based on literature review, this paper elaborates on four core issues of tourism urbanization, that is, the origin, the definition, the driving forces and characteristics and impacts. Differences between domestic and foreign researches are analyzed accordingly, in order to shed light on future deep research on tourism urbanization. The main conclusions of the paper include: 1) On the origin, tourism urbanization in foreign countries originated from the prominence of tourism industry's role played in the process of city transformation and the development power of urbanization, while tourism urbanization in China originated from the spatial concentration of tourism facilities and services towards cities and towns from 1978. 2) On the definition, tourism urbanization is tourism-driven urbanization on the basis of enjoyment and consumption. 3) The main characteristics of tourism urbanization include the increase of tourism land-use and reduce of agricultural land-use, quick increase of population and labor force, appearance of seasonal employment, flexible production system, expansion and obvious style of tourism and holiday buildings. 4) There are three types of tourism urbanization regions, that is, tourism metropolitan, sea and sun city, and portal towns of scenic areas and peculiar tourism towns. Driving forces for tourism urbanization involve funding conditions plus manmade tourist attractions or leisure environment or tourism resources, tourism consumption, positive government intervention and promotion, and participation of residents and enterprises. 5) The impacts of tourism urbanization are mainly presented in three aspects: the development of cities and villages, population and social construction, land-use and landscape environment. 6) Tourism urbanization has become one approach of rural urbanization and breakthrough of newly urbanization, which is of special significance for the poor areas and Minority areas in Western China.