基于高斯两步移动搜索法的沈阳市就业可达性评价

将高斯两步移动搜索方法引入到就业可达性测度研究中,在证明方法有效性的同时,也对研究案例沈阳市中心城区的就业可达性空间格局、形成机理进行了分析,并提出相应的调控策略。结果显示,沈阳市中心城区的就业可达性在空间上并非均匀分布,而是呈现为明显的中心-外围格局。形成这一格局的机理有:①单中心的城市形态;②城市规划的功能性布局;③居住的郊区化;④旧城改造与政策性住房;⑤地理要素的空间阻隔。提出用足规划手段促进产业与人口均衡化布局、旧城改造与政策性住房的合理落位、完善城市交通,破除路径障碍与培育多中心城市空间结构等调控策略。

EVALUATION OF JOB ACCESSIBILITY OF SHENYANG USING GAUSSIAN BASED 2-STEP FLOATING CATCHMENT AREA METHOD

2-step floating catchment area(2SFCA) series methods were successfully applied in measuring the accessibility of the health care facilities, green space and other public services. As a common advantage, these methods consider the balanced demand-supply relationship of service seekers and providers. If treating the jobs/positions as public services, the job accessibility is very similar to the issues of medical accessibility or green space accessibility. The case study demonstrated the effectiveness of Gaussian based 2SFCA in the study of job accessibility, and analyzed the spatial pattern of job accessibility in Shenyang and its formation mechanism at the mean time. Referred to the spatial pattern of the job accessibility, the spatial distribution of job accessibility in Shenyang is unbalanced, and presents core-periphery structure apparently. Besides, we also found that the job accessibilities of old districts are higher than new districts, northern part are higher than southern part, and eastern part are higher than western part. In addition, we also have an interesting finding that the core area of high job accessibility has an apparent trend to extend to the south of the city. And the shape of the core area forms a corridor shape due to the extending process, which coincide the shape, position and the scope of the spatial strategy of "golden corridor" promoted by the city government of Shenyang. Four reasons result in this pattern, including:1) the monocentric urban morphology; 2) the function oriented layout of urban planning; 3) Residential suburbanization; 4) old city reconstruction and policy-related house; 5) the spatial block of geographical features such as river or railway. Finally, this paper proposed four advices to alleviate this problem and promote the balance between jobs and housing.