西安市微区域收入及贫困空间格局研究

以街道办事处为研究单元,以居民收入数据为基础,采用FGT指数法和矢量数据符号法,分别从收入等级、收入差距、贫困程度等方面对西安市主城区的收入及贫困空间格局展开研究。结果表明:①1收入等级空间特征为"南高北低,西高东低"、"中心城区,高低交错";②街道办之间平均收入差距不大,街道办内部个人收入差距较大;③贫困地区主要集中在老城衰退区、老工业区、城中村棚户区及近郊城乡交错区;④收入高低、收入差距分别与贫困程度呈现反比和正比关系。本文的研究为政府部门从街道层面制定脱贫对策提供参考。

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF INCOME AND POVERTY IN XI'AN BASED ON MICRO-REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE

Adopting methods of FGT index and vector data symbolization, regarding Street Office as research unit, this article does research on spatial distribution characteristics of income and new urban poverty in Xi'an, respectively from aspects of spatial pattern of income, Gini coefficient, the extent of poverty and relationship between income and poverty index. The results show that:1) For income levels, comprehensive analysis of the hardware and software conditions, such as history of urban development, reform, welfare policy, residents willingness and so on. 2) For income disparity, the average income gap among Streets is small, while income disparity within streets is large. Relatively reasonable areas are mainly concentrated in Han Chang'an site protected area in Northwest, Cultural and Education District and Qujiang New District in Southern city; larger gap areas are located in old industrial area in middle city and urban-rural fringe in suburbs; the average areas intersperse in the center city and south. 3) On the extent of poverty, poverty-stricken areas are mainly concentrated in the old district of recession, old industrial areas, shanty towns in villages, urban-rural fringe areas in the outskirts and floating population dominated areas. 4) For relationship between income and poverty index, both income and Gini coefficient exist a certain elasticity with poverty index. Income and poverty index present an inverse relationship, while the Gini coefficient and poverty index showing positive relationship, the degree of influence are respectively intensity, depth and extension in descending order. Higher-income Street Offices has smaller poverty index value, and low-income Street Offices opposite. This article reveals characteristics of poverty from the angle of Street Office, which is other scale can't be achieved; it will be beneficial to the government department to set up a targeted anti-poverty countermeasure in practice.