秦始皇帝陵园出土彩绘青铜水禽表面彩绘工艺研究

为全面了解秦始皇帝陵园出土青铜水禽表面彩绘装饰工艺的技术内涵,利用显微观察、偏光显微鉴定、拉曼光谱分析等手段,对秦始皇帝陵园K0007陪葬坑出土彩绘青铜水禽表面彩绘装饰工艺进行了系统的考察和研究。研究结果显示,白色颜料为骨白,黑色颜料为炭黑;彩绘层为多层绘制而成,在结构上与秦陵出土陶俑、陶马表面彩绘具有明显区别;彩绘绘制技法包括平涂及堆绘两种,其中堆绘主要用于羽毛纹路羽轴的绘制,施彩工具可能为毛笔或毛刷。彩绘作为青铜器的装饰工艺主要出现于秦汉时期,但并没有得到广泛应用,可能与彩绘装饰自身的脆弱性以及青铜器的功能由礼容器转变为实用器有关。

Scientific study on painting techniques used on bronze waterfowls unearthed from Emperor Qinshihuang's Mausoleum site

This paper presents technical examination results of the painting techniques used on the painted bronze waterfowls unearthed from the burial pit K0007 of Emperor Qinshihuang's Mausoleum site, microscopy, polarization microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used in order to obtain a detailed understanding of the painting techniques used. The results show that the white pigment is bone white and that the black pigment is carbon black. The paints usually are applied in multiple pigment layers to the bronze directly, which is significantly different from painting techniques used for the terracotta pottery soldiers and horses at the same site. Various painting techniques including brushing and piling are used. Piling of pigment is mainly used to paint the feathers. The tools used for applying pigments may have been brushes. In China, it is mainly during the Qin and Han dynasties that paints are used for decorating bronze objects. This technique is used neither long nor widely. The main reasons for this might include the fragility of painting decoration itself and the change in function for bronze objects from ritual to daily use.