大理古城旅游房地产的发展及社会文化影响研究

"旅游房地产"近年发展迅猛,也引发了一些争议和讨论。本文以大理为案例地,对旅游房地产的发展及影响进行研究,构建了"产权属性-使用时间"双维度的产品谱系图,并研究其空间布局特点,总结其发展的共同特征,包括从空间形态上推动旅游城市化、适应于从观光向度假时代转变的旅游房地产产品演进、政府角色从直接投资者转向"城市助推器"等。结合深入的田野调查,本文分析了大理旅游房地产的社会-文化影响,探讨了以旅游房地产作为推动区域发展和旅游产业转型工具的政策的有效性,并提出相关的政策建议。

A STUDYON THE DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACT OF TOURISM REAL ESTATE IN THE ANCIENT TOWN OF DALI

Tourism real estate is considered as an attractive combination of the tourism industry and the real estate industry, which has been growing in the past decades. However, the unexpected growth leads to some problems challenging the justification and sustainability of the development of it. Dali, located in the northwest of Yunnan province, has the ideal locality, landscape and resource for tourism real estate development. The unique pattern of development and external market oriented sale strategy not only attract the developers and investors but also provide researchers the tourism real estate as a good case to study in historic town. This paper provides a case study of Dali and the field work was carried out substantially in 2008 and 2009. This paper reveals the development process of tourism real estate in Dali, a historical town. A dual-dimensional product spectrum including length of time for use and state of property ownership is constructed to classify the products into four categories, including tourism scenic spot property, tourism commercial property, holiday-making property and tourism residential property. The geographical location and the development of each type of the property are different. Also, the authors present the characteristics of the development of tourism real estate which are that, firstly, Tourism real estate development serves as the driving force of the drastic tourism urbanization; secondly, dominant tourist products in Dali evolves from sightseeing tourism to holiday-making tourism; thirdly, the role of government shifts from direct investor to city ‘boosterist’. With in-depth fieldwork, the authors also find the socio-cultural impact of tourism real estate that it leads to the transfer of local residents and the destruction of the community ecology, significant increase of regional housing price and controversies over the fairness of resource allocation and usage, and difficulties for local residents to purchase their houses in the market. Further more, the paper discusses the effectiveness of government policy. And the authors point out that special consideration is necessary for administrating tourism real estate in historic towns.