新县制“政教合一”的演进和背景

新县制中的政教合一，先后经历了政教合长、政教分长、政教相连的演进、冲突和调整。其中的焦点是政教合长中的一人兼三长，是以乡镇保长为主体、以校长为兼职，还是以校长为主体、以乡镇保长为兼职的人事冲突。这在主观上与政教两界，包括掌控教育、内政两部的CC派与新政学系利益博弈相关，客观上则受经济水平以及社会综合与分工矛盾的制约，不宜简单以加强思想统制进行否定。这些一波三折的纠葛，揭示了理论上不成问题的政教关系，在近代中国的特定境遇下和实际运作中，大成问题的复杂面相。

The Evolution and Background of the Integration of Education and Politics in the New County Organization System

The integration of education and politics in the New County Organization System underwent successive processes of evolution, conflict and adjustment as education and politics passed through phases of combination, separation, and joining hands. The crux of the process was during the phase of combining education and politics, when the three positions of village (town) headman, Bao head and school headmaster were held by one person. The main problem was a personnel conflict: should the leader treat village hea...