北宋时期的西京洛阳

宋代洛阳城已由原来的坊市分离制，嬗变成新的坊市合一制；由于水土气候方面的优越条件和历史、政治等原因，宋代洛阳园林之盛成为一大特色；宋代洛阳又是官僚麋集的城市，官僚集团中一些政见相同，利用会社组织，形成左右政局的政治力量。会社组织活跃，是其又一特色；宋代洛阳的经济远不如它在政治、园林方面的地位重要，但与开封之外的其他城市相比，亦属较为发达，是一个典型的消费城市。

Luoyang City in the Northern Song Dynasty

In the Northern Song Dynasty Luoyang had changed from a city with separation of FANG and SHI to a city with integration of FANG and SHI. Supported by advantaged soil, water and climax and other historical and political factors, the prosperity of city gardens became a great characteristic feature of Luoyangcity. As a concentration city of bureaucrats, there emerged some active societies and organizations, this is another feature of this city. A few politicians with com mon viewpoints became dominant political influences by exploiting those societies. During this period the economic level of Luoyang lagged far behind its political and garden level, yet compared with other cities except Kaifeng, Luoyang was still a relatively advanced city, and a typical consumer city.