试论藏传佛教的王朝化与国家认同——以清朝敕建藏传佛寺为中心的考察

藏传佛教的王朝化和国家认同是清代宗教同国家关系的重要表征。清朝统治者深刻认识到藏传佛教寺庙的政治功效及其在"大一统"王朝进程中的政治价值,由清廷敕令修建了一系列藏系庙宇。这些庙宇分布于中原和藩部,它们构成了代表"国家存在"的特殊政治场域,也体现了边疆地区宗教被纳入中央王朝主流意识形态的发展轨迹。清朝统治者通过皇家元素植入和对敕建庙宇的"官衙化"改造,使得这些庙宇兼具朝廷有效治理蒙藏民族及边疆地区的机构职能的同时,也成为清廷主导构建政治认同和藩部首领表达政治认同的场域与通道。

Tibetan Buddhism's Incorporation into the National Identity:Research on Tibetan Buddhist Temples Built by Imperial Order in the Qing Dynasty

Tibetan Buddhism’s incorporation into the national identity was an important representation of the relationship between religion and state in Qing Dynasty. The rulers of the Qing Dynasty profoundly recognized the political impact and political value of Tibetan Buddhist temples’ in the national process of "great unification." As a result, a range of Tibetan Buddhist temples were built throughout the empire by the orders of emperors or the imperial court. These temples not only constituted a special political field which represented "state presence," but also embodied the development process in which the religions of border areas were incorporated into the central dynasty’s dominant ideology. By officially sponsoring these temples and embedding imperial elements in them, the rulers of Qing Dynasty possessed institutions through which they effectively governed non-Han ethnic groups and border areas as well as channels through which they established political identification and through which non-Han leaders in border areas expressed political identification.