里耶“户籍简”与战国末期的基层社会

里耶户籍简当为秦人侵吞楚国青阳以西之地后的产物,其编录年代或可定为战国末叶。户籍简中的南阳,为迁陵里邑之名,其上级行政单位或为设置在迁陵之都乡。南阳里大致有编户民20余户,涉及姓氏多达七八个,呈异姓杂居之状。编户民的家庭类型有核心家庭、主干家庭和联合家庭三类,但以前两者为主,联合家庭只是个别现象,大致可视为一种暂时性的过渡形态或贫困及其他原因导致的个例。家庭奴仆乃编户民的附属人口,他们与主家的人身隶属关系已得到法律的承认,而女性奴仆则可以通过婚姻或生育达到提高社会与家庭地位的目的。这些与基层社会形态相关的诸多特征,可以看成战国末期楚、秦两国基层社会的共性之所在。里中居民行编伍之制,但这可能属于秦文化因素,非荆楚旧有。

Household Registration Bamboo Slips from Liye Village and Grass-roots Society during the Late Warring States Period

The late Warring States household registration bamboo slips at Liye Village seem to be a product of Qin's invasion of the territory west of Qingyang of Chu State. Nanyang in the slips is the name of a village in Qianling County and the administrative unit in charge of this village is probably a township or town in Qianling. Some twenty or more households were on the register for Nanyang,made up of seven or eight family names whose houses were intermingled. Registered families largely fall into three types:n...