汉代黄河流域麦作发展的环境因素与技术影响

汉代冬小麦的推广与普及,具有自东向西的时空特点。麦作发展是区域自然环境与技术条件交互作用的结果,其中自然环境条件是影响汉代黄河流域冬麦普及过程的基本因素。不论是黄河下游地区冬麦种植的较早普及还是关中地区冬麦推广的迟滞,均首先与当地的自然环境有关。在黄河下游地区,人们利用冬麦的生长特性趋利避害,减少和防止河汛水患的影响,保障粮食生产,麦子得以广泛种植。在关中地区,干旱的困扰一度制约了冬麦的推广和普及。在自然因素推动下的汉代麦作推广与普及,促进了黄河流域抗旱耕作及粮食加工技术的发展,影响深远。

Environment Factor and Agricultural Technology Influence of Winter Wheat Planting of the Han Dynasty in the Yellow River Valley

In Han Dynasty,the peculiarity of winter wheat popularization is that it spreads from the east to the west.Winter wheat planting is the result of environment and technology acting on each other.Between them,the former is the basic factor which influences winter wheat spread in Yellow River in Han Dynasty.Both the early spread of winter wheat in lower Yellow River and the slow popularization in Central Shaanxi plain are firstly related to local environment.In lower Yellow River area,people seek advantages,avoiding disadvantages and making good use of the characteristics of winter wheat growing to diminish and prevent the flood,to ensure the grain production.So that winter wheat planting is popular.In Central Shaanxi area,winter wheat spread once has been restricted by drought.Driven by the nature factor,winter wheat spread in Han Dynasty has promoted the development of drought-resistant crops and grain processing technology,which has far-reaching influence.