都城隍庙考

明清时期的都城隍庙在建置中呈现出复杂局面。明代祀典中之京都城隍庙是文献资料中所见最早的都城隍庙,除此之外,几乎在不同层级的聚落都存在都城隍庙。这种局面的出现主要源于都城隍神自身的演化,其一,京都城隍神由都城隍神或称天下都城隍神发展而来,是后者的一种官方形态,都城隍神与京都无必然联系;其二,都城隍神的管辖范围不再固定为"天下",它可以是省,也可以是更小的地域。

A Study on General City-God Temple

Location of the general city-god temples in Ming and Qing Dynasties is especially complex. The city-god temple of the Capital recorded in Sacrificial Books of Ming Dynasty is the earliest general city-god temple that has ever been seen in different resources. In addition, almost all the settlements of different levels have general city-god temples. This situation mainly originates from the evolution of the general city god itself. To begin with, city god of the Imperial Capital, evolving from general city god, is the official format of the latter. But general city-god is not indispensable to associating with the Capital. Furthermore, jurisdiction of general city-god is not to the whole country. It may be a province, or even a smaller domain.