清初迁海前后的沿海盐场与地方宗族——以广东归德、靖康诸盐场为例

清初迁海给沿海尤其是盐场地区的社会经济带来严重的破坏,但具体影响的范围、程度和方式,却不能仅就官方文献和展界后的赋役情况轻下定论。通过广东归德等盐场及相关宗族在迁海前后的活动情况,我们发现,迁海并没有给盐场宗族主要成员造成太大的影响,相反,官方文献"盐课缺征"、"丁绝田荒"的记载,实际上是盐场家族有意识地利用迁界机遇和制度漏洞,逃避灶课、隐匿盐田,借恢复祖先祭祀之机抢占民田的结果。

The Change of Salt-works and Local Clans during the Evacuation and Withdrawal of Coastal Lands

The event of coastal evacuation during early Qing has done great damage to the economic and social orders of salt -works.The research on emigrant and immigrant people during the event shows one of the effects of coastal evacuation. However,these perspectives are not presented in official documents.This essay is aimed to reveal the activities led by local clans in Guide and Jingkang salt -works,during the event of coastal evacuation.It presents that actually coastal evacuation has not brought great damage to the local clans,but rather the local clans in the salt -works used the opportunity of coastal evacua-tion and the flaws of relevant systems to evade tax and the registration of Zaohu(灶户),and to occupy more lands in the name of their ancestors.