抗战时期的国统区农村金融--以农村合作金融事业为中心

抗日战争爆发后,南京政府认识到抗战将是持久战,持久抗战的关键之一在于农村能否持久地提供支持。因而,维持和发展农村经济就成为坚持抗战的重要一环。而维持和发展农村经济的关键又在于是否能够为农村提供金融支持。本文以台湾"中研院"近代史研究所档案馆藏有关资料为中心,特别是农林部中央农业实验所农业经济系所作的农村金融调查资料,辅以其他史料,对1939年至1944年间国统区15个省的农村金融借贷、放款利率、放款期限、借贷办法、放款机关等情况进行具体考察,分析和观察其成效与特点,并与抗战前后的情况进行比较,以期对抗战时期国统区的农村金融发展和演变情况,有一个较为清晰的认识。

The Rural Finance in the KMT -ruled Areas during the Second Sino -Japanese War---Focusing on the Operation of Rural Credit Cooperatives

After the breakout of the Second Sino -Japanese War,the Nanjing Regime realized that it would be a protracted war,the key of which lied in whether the supports from rural areas could last or not.Therefore maintaining and developing the rural economy mattered much to insist the Second Sino -Japanese War,and the financial supports became the essential prob-lem to maintain and develop the rural economy.This paper is based on the relating records,especially the survey data collected by the rural economy department of the central research institute of agriculture under the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, which is held in the Archives of Institute of Modern History of Academia Sinica.Aimed at a clear understanding of the develop-ment and changes of the rural finance during the Second Sino -Japanese war,this paper studies the financial credits,loan rates,loan periods,loan methods and lending institutions of the rural areas of 15 provinces ruled by the KMT,analyses the functions and features,and compares the situations before,during and after the war as well.