北京明清建筑琉璃构件黄釉的无损研究

本文以北京明、清典型官式琉璃构件的黄釉为研究对象,利用EDXRF分析了釉料的化学组成,结合文献记载初步研究了北京明清官式琉璃构件釉料的变化规律。研究结果表明,明清琉璃黄釉的主要元素(硅、铅、铝、铁)含量在一定范围内稍有波动,氧化铅含量有逐渐降低的趋势。此外,明清釉料中氧化铝含量变化大体经历了由低到高,再由高到低的过程。从氧化铁的变化趋势来看,明代的釉料大体稳定,而清代则经历了由低到高的过程。这表明古代琉璃釉料的配方并非墨守成规、因循守旧,而是受技术进步、窑炉、政治经济等级审美观念的多重影响,古代匠人在不断的摸索中改进配方。

An Analysis on the Yellow Lead-glaze of Architectural Tiles ofthe Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing

We provide a compositional examination on the change of the yellow lead-glaze of architectural tiles during＇the Ming and Qing dynasties in Beijing. An EDXRF analysis is conducted, whose results demonstrate that main elements of the yellow lead-glaze are rela- tively stable, while being slightly adjusted between the dynasties. The PbO/SiO2 ratio gradually decreased from the Ming dynasty to the Qing dynasty.In addition,alumina and iron elementsalso witnessed regular variation from the Ming to the Qing dynasty. These data suggest that material rate of the lead-glaze is changing, and it is influenced by multiple factors, such as technological progression, and political, economic and aesthetical contexts.