Trade politics in the American Congress:: a study of the interaction of political geography and interest group behavior |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Primary Health Care Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;2. School of Law, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK;3. School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;4. Research Centre Dondena, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy;5. Scientists for EU, London, UK;6. Centre for Global Chronic Conditions, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK;1. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio;2. Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio;3. Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;4. Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio;5. The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio;6. QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia;7. Department of Ophthalmic Oncology, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio;8. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;9. Academic Laboratory of Medical Genetics and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom;10. East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom;11. Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;1. Université de Namur, Rempart de la Vièrge 8, 5000, Namur, Belgium;2. UCLouvain, Place Montesquieu 1, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium;1. Department of Politics and Public Administration, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany;2. Social Science Research Centre FORS, University of Lausanne, Université de Lausanne, Vidy, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | Political geography plays an important role in influencing how industries build coalitions to secure desired trade benefits in American politics. The political geography of an industry is defined as the intersection of its economic geography, i.e. the location of its means of production, and the institutional structure of the political system in which it operates. In the case of the United States, trade-sensitive industries lobby the bicameral Congress and the executive branch for beneficial trade policies, and their geographic location strongly influences the strategies they adopt. Industries concentrated across heavily populated states will be more powerful in the House of Representatives than in the Senate. They will therefore ground their efforts in the House and form coalitions with industries that are powerful in the Senate. Industries that are concentrated across less populated states will be stronger in the Senate and will seek to form coalition partners that are strong in the House. A theory of political geography is used to explain the behavior of import/export sensitive industries in the 1980s and 1990s. The findings suggest that these industries choose coalition partners who bolster their political weakness in the House or Senate by extending, rather than replicating, their geographic base of support. |
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