Field aligned distribution of plasma mantle and ionospheric plasmas |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland;2. School of Resource Wisdom, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland;3. Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, PO Box, 65, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland;4. Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway;5. Herbarium, Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland;6. Biodiversity Unit, Finnish Environment Institute, P.O. Box 140, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland;7. Department of Biology/Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen, 2100 Ø, Denmark;8. Department of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 27, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland;1. Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India;2. Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India;3. Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India;1. Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China;2. Department of Mathematics, Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA;3. Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA;4. Center for Global Health and Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA;5. Department of Veterinary and Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA;6. School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA;7. Computer and Data Science Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA;8. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China;1. Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l''Insecte, Université François-Rabelais, Tours, France;2. Evolutionary Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany |
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| Abstract: | The density and bulk velocity distributions of warm magnetosheath particles and cold ionospheric O+ and H+ ions are calculated along a polar cusp (cleft) magnetic field line. The warm collisionless plasma is injected at 12 earth radii, and interacts with the cold polar wind electrons and ions of ionospheric origin. After magnetic reflections in the exosphere (above 1400km altitude) most of the ions move upwards along tail magnetic field lines and feed the plasma mantle flow. The bulk velocity of these warm protons is approximately 200km s−2 and happens to be proportional to the average thermal speed of the magnetosheath ions at their injection point in the magnetosphere. The density in the plasma mantle is found to be about half that in the entry layer. The electric potential distribution is deduced from the quasi-neutrality condition, A large parallel electric field corresponding to an electrostatic double layer is obtained for the assumed boundary conditions. |
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