The magnetopause: microstructure and interaction with magnetospheric plasma |
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| Affiliation: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China;2. School of Naval Architecture, Civil and Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China;1. School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;2. Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;1. Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China;3. School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;4. Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China;5. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Green, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK;1. Department of Urology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 221 West Yan''an Road, Shanghai, 200040, China;2. Department of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Changchun, 130033, China;3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China |
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| Abstract: | The microscopic properties of the magnetopause are reviewed in relation to the more general problems of the topology of the magnetosphere and the physical processes involved in magnetospheric dynamics. Studies of charged-particle trajectories in idealized magnetic fields have provided some physical insight into the microstructure of the magnetopause; this aspect of the subject is surveyed and the various idealizations and simplifications involved in the theoretical models are discussed critically. Results obtained using the microscopic approach based on charged-particle trajectories are compared and contrasted with the corresponding results obtained using the macroscopic approach based on hydromagnetics and gas-dynamics. An assessment is made of the importance of the interplanetary magnetic field and of its likely influence on the microstructure and physical properties of the magnetopause. The magnitude of any polarization electric field at the magnetopause depends on the presence of highly-conducting magnetospheric and ionospheric plasmas that permit field-aligned currents to flow between the magnetopause and the polar-cap ionosphere: this process may be complicated, however, by anomalous resistivity of the plasma in the polar cusps (clefts). Equivalent electric circuits are used to study such field-aligned currents, the possible penetration of a time-varying interplanetary electric field into the magnetotail, and the erosion of the dayside magnetosphere. It is concluded that the microstructure of the magnetopause can no longer be considered in isolation, but must now be regarded as an inseparable part of the wider problem of magnetospheric dynamics. |
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