北京市制造业空间结构演化研究

我国目前正处于快速工业化时期,制造业在城市经济发展中具有举足轻重的作用,其空间结构的演变是城市空间结构演化的重要动力。本文首先简要回顾了新中国成立后北京市制造业空间布局的演化历程,然后利用第一次和第二次基本单位普查数据定量分析了1996-2001年北京市制造业的空间演化特征及其动力机制,最后提出了北京市制造业空间结构优化的建议。

RESEARCH ON THE SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF MANUFACTURING OF BEIJING

This paper firstly reviewed the course of spatial evolution of Beijing's manufacturing. Then based on the First and Second Basic Unit Investigation, it divided the manufacturing into four industries. They were high-tech industry, equipment industry, heavy industry and urban industry. In the same time, this paper divided Beijing into four rings. They are middle area, near suburb, outside skirt of the metropolis and far suburb. Then the paper quantitatively analyzed the evolution feature of Beijing's manufacturing during the period from 1996 to 2001. The results included: 1) The importance of manufacturing in middle area descended markedly. In near suburb, it dropped a little. In the outside skirt of the metropolis, it increased markedly. In far suburb, it developed slowly. 2)The suburbanization of manufacturing is prominent in this five years in Beijing. 3)The manufacturing in the south, east and northwest part of the metropolis developed faster than other regions. 4) The development zones, instead of traditional manufacturing districts, have been the most important carriers of Beijing's manufacturing. Then this paper analyzed the dynamical mechanism of spatial evolution of Beijing's manufacturing. They included: 1) Economy Globalization and New Technology Revolution were the outer powers, which produced new factors in Beijing's manufacturing, and most of these new factors were led by market economy when they chose location and were different from the traditional manufacturing enterprises. 2) System transition and fast development of Beijing were the inner impetus, which made the manufacturing corporations be glad to choose their location in suburb or move to suburb. 3) The development of development zones was the derive momentum. With preferential policies, excellent infrastructure, all right governance services and prospecting developmental atmosphere, Beijing's development zones not only promoted the evolution of manufacturing, but would also lead the spatial evolution of Beijing's manufacturing in future.At last, it puts forward some advice to optimize the spatial structure of Beijing manufacturing. 1) In future, the spatial layout of Beijing's manufacturing should conglomerate in the east suburb and south suburb of Beijing. 2) We should promote the development of industry clusters based on the development zones. At the same time, it pointed that Beijing's manufacturing were still centralized in middle area and disorder in suburb to some extent, so we should keep on settling these problems in future.