“剔除学政十弊”:清初学政积弊与考核制度

明清各省特设学政,职掌学校政令,作为沟通科举与学校的枢纽。由于学政责专权重,易滋流弊,直接影响到国家抡才大典与官场风纪,因此,清初统治者为整饬各省学政积弊,在建立和完善学政考核制度上不断努力,经过从解卷磨勘到督抚纠参的转变,逐渐确立起"剔除学政十弊"的制度,作为考核学政的重要依据,并辅以加罚苦差等惩戒措施,对于整顿清初吏治、收复天下士心,以及澄叙铨选、保证科举与学校选拔人才的公正公平,发挥了重要作用。

The Xuezheng's Malpractice and the System of Check in the Early Qing

During the Ming-Qing period the Xuezheng (provincial Educational Commissioner) was in charge of the provincial decree of schools,who was the tache between the civil examination and schools. Because of the Xuezheng's great power,there was many bribery cases seriously jeopardizing the bureaucratic system of the dynasty. The early Qing carried out a series of measures to put things straight,and finally established the system of eliminating ten Xuezheng's malpractice,which became the criterion for checking Xuez...