浅谈美术地理的地域空间性

本文从地理学的角度,用地域空间和历史的观点对美术的地域性进行了论述,提出了美术地理学的研究范畴。全文从横向地域性、纵向地域性、地域空间的扩散性三个方面对美术的地理特性进行了研究。通过大量的分析,作者认为地理环境对美术风格具有决定性的影响。文章所提出的观点可以看作是对文化地理理论的一种补充与印证。

THE SPATIAL ATTRIBUTES OF ART GEOGRAPHY

Theoretically, as an important proportion of Culture Geography, Art Geography focuses on the relation between art and geographical environment, and landscape as well. Generally, this strand of researches explains the origin, style and features of art through a geographical point of view; it discusses the difference of arts by considering the distinguishing locality among geographical locations.On the basis of this methodological approach, we figure out the importance of art locality and conceptualise the research scale of Art Geography. Three dimensions, i.e. transverse locality, longitudinal locality and the diffusivity of art, are jointly analysed in the paper.Firstly, it is claimed that "transverse locality" of art has two sides, similarity and dissimilarity: same geographical space results in the similarity of art, while different geographical areas produce different works. It underlines that an integrated cultural group exist in the same environment, therefore with the same impacts of both physical and human environment, similarity appears in art. On the other hand, since the differentiation of diverse environments, including culture and nature, distinct geography impacts the feeling of artists, as well as the production and style of art. An extreme example is the difference of the Chinese Watercolour and Western oil painting. Secondly, the dimension of "longitudinal locality" refers to the historical development patterns of art. In the history, different time has different art and style. It is suggested that art echoes the lifestyle and spirit of certain time. The "longitudinal" research of art thus yields insights on the speciality of the time when the art is produced. The feature of "longitudinal" can be seen in the phase and continuality of art style development. Thirdly, the "diffusivity" of art targets on the diffusion of art. It articulates that process of transferring art style from one location to another. Two sides impact this diffusion. On the one side, the extent of diffusion depends on the open of the disseminator; on the other, it is related with the social and culture backdrop of the receiving location. For instance, Japanese Art is a transfer of Chinese Art; French Rococo style is a radicalisation of Chinese Art. This paper is taken as a significant complement to the study of this issue. It thus contributes to the fundamental understanding of Culture Geography.