汉武帝“广关”与西汉前期地域控制的变迁

汉武帝元鼎三年,将函谷关东移约三百里。过去多认为这是由于楼船将军杨仆因耻居关外而请求武帝移关。本文从秦朝至西汉初年国家地域控制变迁角度,论述汉武帝时期向东推延函谷关这一事件的政治和军事地理意义,指出实际上汉武帝这次迁移函谷关,是对汉朝地域政策与大关中布防方略的大调整,所做调整,并不仅限于函谷关一处,时人称之为"广关",其本质用意是增益拓广关中的范围。在汉武帝元鼎三年"广关"之后,大关中区域北部的东界,由以临晋关为标志的黄河一线,向东推进至太行山一线;中部区域的东界,由旧函谷关,向东推进至新函谷关;南部区域的东界,由四川盆地东南缘,向东南推进至柱蒲关、进桑关一线的滇桂、黔桂间山地。通过增大关中区域的范围,特别是函谷关的东移和太行山以东地区划入关中,大大增强了朝廷依托关中以控制关东这一基本治国方略的效力。

The Change of the Control Region in Early Western Han Dynasty and the Guangguan

The third year of Yuan ding during the Han Wu Emperor's period in Han Dynasty,Hanguguan was moved towards east approximately 300 miles.In the past it was thought that the reason was "Lou Chuan" General Yang Pu requested the Han Wu Emperor move Hanguguan because he thought it was ashamed to live outside the Pass.This thesis discusses this event's political and military significance at that time from the point of view of the transition of national region control from Qin Dynasty to the beginning of Western Han Dynasty and points out that actually this transition was suit for the great adjustment of Han's region policy and defense strategy,not only restricted to Hanguguan.The people at that time called this move "expanding the pass",which aims at expanding Guanzhong's scope.After this,the east of Guanzhong's north was stretched from Yellow River area towards east to Mount Taihang district;the east of the middle of Guanzhong was stretched towards east from old Hanguguan to the mountainous region between Yu'nan-Guangxi and Guizhou,which lies on the line of Zhupuguan and Jinsangguan.Though expanding Guanzhong's range,especially the transition towards east of Hanguguan and the east region of Taihang Mount was merged to Guanzhong,the government's basic governing strategy "controlling Guandong by depending on Guanzhong" was greatly strengthened.