甘肃武威磨咀子出土汉代彩绘木马颜料分析与修复保护

武威磨咀子考古出土的汉代彩绘木马,不仅数量多,而且形体较大,具有河西汉马的典型特征;根据彩绘木马的材质状况,其类型属于潮湿而糟朽木器,急需进行修复保护。为此,针对目前彩绘木马的保存现状,本修复工作运用现代X-射线衍射分析技术,对木马彩绘颜料进行了分析,物相结果表明:黑色为墨,白色为石膏,红色为朱砂、铅丹。同时遵循原始制作工艺,选用汉代棺板木作为复原材料对残缺部件进行了复原修复,采用无色、透明的有机玻璃(MMA)材料为其制作了辅助支撑底座,使用Paraloid B-72试剂对表面严重糟朽木质、彩绘层实施加固,使用聚醋酸乙烯酯对脱落部件实施粘接,利用原始铆眼套合与加楔技术对木马部件进行了组装;最后,通过安装辅助支撑底座使受损彩绘木马得到了妥善保护,修复取得良好效果。

Analysis and restoration of pigments from Han Dynasty painted wooden horses at Mozuizi,Wuwei,Gansu province

A number of Han Dynasty painted wooden horses have been found at the Mozuizi archaeology site.These wooden horses have big bodies,typical of the Hexi horse of ancient China.Because of the characteristics of the material,these wooden horses became water-saturated and rotten,and require immediate conservation.X-ray diffraction(XRD) was used to analyze the paint pigments on the wood horses.The results show that the black pigment is Chinese ink(C),the white pigment is gypsum(CaSO4·2H2O),and the red pigments are cinnabar(HgS) and red lead(Pb3O4).Han Dynasty coffin wood was used to restore the missing parts,using traditional construction techniques.Colorless and transparent polymethyl methacrylate(MMA) was used to make a base to support the horse’s body.PB72 was used to reinforce the surface of badly decayed wood and its paint layers.Polyvinyl acetate(nOCOH3) was used to reattach the broken parts.A technique involving adding wedges and drilling holes was introduced to reattach the parts.Finally,the painted wooden horses were well preserved by adding supportive bases.The restoration results are very good.