米脂卧虎湾M103出土玉覆面、玉鞋研究

卧虎湾西汉早期墓葬M103出土玉覆面及玉鞋的组合,不见于以往的考古发现。本文通过对西汉早期出土玉覆面、局部玉衣及玉衣的墓葬中出土器物的组合关系、墓葬等级及玉覆面形制的对比,可以看出只出土玉覆面的墓葬等级相对较低,局部玉衣和玉衣所表现出来的差异可能在玉衣形成的初期就是存在的,两者并不具备明显的先后关系。卧虎湾墓地出土的玉覆面及玉鞋,正是由于墓葬等级的限制而采取的减省做法。而局部玉衣之所以在头部、手部及脚部重点用玉,因为受到先秦两汉时期丧葬仪式的影响。

On the Jade Mask and Jade Shoes from Wohuwan Tomb No.103 in Mizhi

The assemblage of jade mask and jade shoes from tomb no.103 at Wohuwan dating to the Early Western Han period has not been found from previous excavation. This paper studied other jade masks, jade burial suits with or without a complete set, associated burial goods, burial hierarchy, and changes of jade masks, and discovered that tombs only with jade masks usually are lower rank. Also, there is no chronological difference between tombs with an entire set of jade burial suits and with only parts of jade burial suits. The jade mask and jade shoes might have been the reflection on the constraint that, due to the lower rank of the owner, the entire set of jade burial suite must be simplified. Also, the practice that only the head, hands, and feet parts of jade burial suit were maintained was probably impacted by the funeral tradition during the Pre-Qin and Han periods.