横岭山商周时期玉器的质地、白化现象和玉料产地研究

为研究广东博罗横岭山商周时期墓地出土玉器的质地、白化现象和玉料产地，对玉料样品进行常规矿物学、红外光谱、X射线粉晶衍射、扫描电镜和拉曼光谱的测试。结果显示，该墓地出土玉器的材质包括石英、水晶、透闪石（软玉）和杂砂岩。其中，透闪石质的玉器呈白色、不透明的外观，被认为和酸性土壤的腐蚀有关；出土的石英质玉器（含水晶器）的包裹体特征及包裹体均一温度显示该墓地出土的石英质玉器（含水晶器）的玉料较可能来自变质石英岩。伟晶岩或高温石英脉，将其与博罗本地、台山地区（近环珠江口地区）的石英及水晶样品进行对比，未有证据显示该墓地出土的石英质玉器（含水晶器）的原料来自上述地区。本研究可为揭示商周时期珠江三角洲地区的先民对自然资源的认识和利用能力以及当时社会的生产力水平、物品交换及贸易路线等方面提供基础科学依据。

Research on mineral composition,whitening phenomenon and provenance of jade wares excavated form ancient tombs of Shang and Zhou periods at Hengling ridge

Research was conducted to obtain information about texture,whitening phenomenon and provenance of jade wares excavated from ancient tombs of the Shang and Zhou periods at Hengling ridge.Routine mineralogical tests,infrared spectroscopy,X-ray powder diffraction,scanning electron microscope and Raman spectroscopy were used on jade ware samples.Results suggested that quartzite,quartz,tremolite(nephrite)and greywacke were used.The soil at the Hengling ridge site has quite high acidity,and this is believed to be responsible for the white opaque appearance of the tremolite jade wares.The characteristics of inclusions and the uniform temperature in the quartzite and quartz wares from Hengling ridge showed that the materials were likely to he from pegmatite.These properties were different from the quartzite and quartz materials from Boluo and Taishan(an area near the mouth of Zhujiang),hence they were considered exotic.This study can provide basic scientific information regarding our ancestors'ability to discern and utilize various natural sources,in addition to information on productivity level,the exchange of goods,trade routes etc.in the Shang and Zhou periods in the Zhujiang delta area.