贵州省的城市生态环境问题

本文以贵阳等九座城市为例,从城市的自然环境和人类活动影响两方面,探讨贵州城市的生态,环境问题,以及协调人地矛盾的主要对策。全文分为以下三大部分:首先探讨城市的自然环境特征,说明贵州城市的形态结构,水土资源及城市扩展均受"喀斯特"环境的制约,其生态环境极为脆弱。表现在水土资源贫乏,平地少又很分散,地形封闭,旱涝和地貌灾害频繁等。第二论述城市的生态环境问题:以煤烟性空气污染,水体有机污染和交通噪声污染为主。SO₂的污染极为严重,酸雨污染,城市河段及湖(库)污染普遍存在;4/5的城市交通噪声超过国家标准;1/2城市区域环境噪声污染严重。最后提出重建城市生态环境的主要对策。

PROBLEMS OF URBAN ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT IN KARST REGIONS OF GUIZHOU

In the karst environment, the urban ecosystem, vulnerable in nature and with extremely limited load capacity can hardly sustain any negative interference and behaviors from human beings. Thus, it is easier to destroy the urban ecosystem, but much more difficult to restore it. Taking nine cities for example and from the viewpoints of urban natural environment and influence from man's activities, this paper studies problems of ecological environment in cities of Guizhou and counter measures of coordinating problems of man land in cities. This paper consists of three parts as follows: (1)Features of natural environment in cities of Guizhou. Guizhou is known as a'karst province', for nearly all the cities and towns are located in karst areas. The karst environment restricts the formation and construction of the cities, water and land resources and urban expansion. In such circumstances, the ecological system is very vulnerable. The nine cities mentioned are surrounded with K shaped, isolated hills or enveloped landform. The mountainous and hilly areas take over 72 percent in area. Thus, with scarcity of land resources, land use is greatly limited. (2)Problems of urban ecological environment. Ascribed to such factors as underdevelopment of science and technology, economy and urban management, a lack of awareness of environmental protection, release of tri type of wastes mostly without being tackled, the naturally vulnerable karst environment in addition, there arise severe urban environmental problems: mainly the problems of air pollution from coal burning, water pollution from organism and noise pollution from traffic. (3)General counter measures for reconstruction of urban ecological environment. The government's leading role should be strengthened; environmental protectionshould be legislated, and urban natural surroundings should be exploited so that the cities will be built into ones with mountains and waters. Some specific measures are proposed as follows: first, establishing forceful organizations and legislations for environmental protection; second, enforcing management and protection of water environment; third, building up an urban green land system; fourth, developing urban eco tourism and suburban eco agriculture.