降雨和空气污染对城市居民公共自行车使用的影响研究——以西安市为例

公共自行车交通（以下简称公自）作为近年来快速发展的新型公共交通模式，逐渐成为国内外相关学科的研究热点。国内外大量学者探索了公自的使用特征及影响因素，但关注天气条件对公自使用影响的研究不足，来自中国城市的实证证据更是缺乏。本文以西安市为案例，利用西安市公自系统运营数据，探索降雨和空气污染对城市居民公自使用的影响。研究结果表明：①降雨和空气污染条件下公自使用规模减少，但降雨带来的影响大于空气污染。②降雨和空气污染条件下公自站点中平衡站点比例减少，且公自借出和归还为主站点的冷热点区域空间分布发生显著差异。③降雨和空气污染对公自使用强度有显著影响，一级站点数量明显减少，且降雨的影响大于空气污染。降雨条件下公自使用高强度站点中心化和沿走廊分布的空间特征弱化。但空气污染条件下，无显著变化。研究结果有助于准确评估降雨和空气污染对于城市居民社会经济活动的影响程度，也能为更准确的研究城市居民公自使用的影响机制提供参考依据。

THE INFLUNCE OF RAINFALL AND AIR POLLUTION ON PUBLIC BICYCLE USAGE: A CASE STUDY OF XI'AN

As a new way of public transportation that has developed rapidly in recent years, public bicycle has become a research hotspot in related disciplines in the world. A large number of scholars investigated the characteristics of public bicycle usage pattern and its influencing factors. The empirical evidence from Chinese cities is even more lacking. This paper takes Xi'an as an example, using Xi'an Zixingche backstage database to explore the impact of rainfall and air pollution on the public use of urban residents. The results show that the scale of public use is reduced under rainfall and air pollution conditions, and the impact of rainfall is greater than that of air pollution. Under the condition of rainfall and air pollution, the proportion of balanced sites is reduced, and the spatial distribution of cold-hots pots of these is significantly different. Rainfall and air pollution have a significant impact on the intensity of usage, the number of high frequency usage stations is significantly reduced, and the impact of rainfall is greater than air pollution. The spatial characteristics of the high frequency station centralization and the distribution along the extension corridor are weakened under rainfall conditions. However, there is no significant change under air pollution conditions.