语言景观研究进展：地方主体的空间实践

本文以地方主体性理论为切入点梳理语言景观相关文献,以构建主体为分析框架,从“国家”、“私人机构”和“多元主体互动”三方面综述语言景观的研究。不同主体通过空间实践达到规训、表达、压迫和抵抗等目的,而语言景观则是这些实践的中介和结果。自上而下的语言政策表现为国家作为主体对地方的规训;反之,由个体作为构建主体的语言景观是主体表达自我和抵抗他者的实践。流动性较强的地方,多元主体通过语言景观互动构建地方性,其语言景观是资本、文化和权力多重力量作用下的实践过程和结果。过去语言学视角的研究只关注单主体的空间实践,未来采取跨学科研究可进一步探寻多主体互动过程与结果,更全面地发掘语言景观在地方构建中的作用以及构建的地方意义。

PROGRESS OF LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE FROM THE PROSPETIVE OF SPACE PRACTICE AND PLACE SUBJECTIVITY

Linguistic landscape attracts academic attentions as an inter-disciplines study object. The paper utilizes subjectivity of place theory to review linguistic landscape studies. Based on the analytical frame of constructive actors, the review generalizes the previous research into three categories according to the main actors in the process of building linguistic landscape, which are namely "state and government", "private sectors" and "interaction of multi-actors". Linguistic landscape takes place as both mediator and consequences of space practices, which varies according to different purposes of constructive actors. These purposes may be to discipline others, to represent own identity, to oppress others or to resist the authority. Top-down linguistic policy in linguistic landscape represents the disciplinary role of authority to the public. On the other hand, individual actors built multi-cultural linguistic landscapes representing variety of placeness. These actors express their own identity and resist otherness via the practice of constructing linguistic landscapes, which leads bottom-up direction of power in the constructing process.