北京市居民租赁住房可支付能力及空间分异研究

长期以来,我国租赁住房市场被严重边缘化,“十三五”规划明确提出建立租购并举的住房制度,彰显了让住房回归“居住属性”特征。住房租赁市场成为研究热点,而居民的租赁住房可支付能力是其关键。本文将保障性租赁住房与商品性租赁住房合为一体作为研究对象,从我国住房租赁市场的现状出发,客观评价不同人群的家庭可支配收入、最低非住房消费标准、住房补贴比例等指标,在此基础上定义人均租赁住房可支付能力指数,用于评估不同人群的可支付能力。结合目前的租赁住房市场的供给情况,运用GIS软件分析居民可支付能力的空间特征,分析北京市现有租赁住房与居民租房可支付能力匹配情况,对于合理制定多层次租赁住房市场政策具有参考意义。

RESEARCH ON THE AFFORDABILITY OF RENTAL HOUSING IN BEIJING

For a long time, China's rental housing market has been severely marginalized. The 13th Five-Year Plan clearly proposes to establish a housing system that combines rent and purchase, highlighting the characteristics of returning housing to "residential properties". The housing leasing market has become a research hotspot, and the affordability of residents' rental housing is the key to pricing and policy formulation of rental housing. This article will take this as an entry point, and combine the affordable rental housing with commercial rental housing as the research object. From the current situation of China's housing rental market, using the rental data of 179 public rental housing communities and 5,980 market-rental housing communities in Beijing, and the household consumption expenditure data of Beijing Statistical Yearbook (2014-2016), objectively evaluate the household disposable income and minimum non-housing consumption of people with different income levels. Based on the indicators such as the proportion of housing subsidies, the per capita maximum rental housing affordability can be calculated. And define the per capita rental housing affordability index, which is used to assess the level of payability of different groups of people. In addition, combined with the current supply situation of the rental housing market, using the Kriging interpolation method and the nuclear density estimation model of GIS software, the spatial characteristics and causes of residents' affordability are analyzed, and the existing rental housing in Beijing is matched with the residential housing affordability.