国外儿童独立活动性研究进展与启示

儿童独立活动性是衡量儿童自主活动能力的重要指标，提升儿童独立活动性对于增加儿童体力活动量、减少肥胖几率、促进社会交往等具有积极作用。本文梳理了国外学者对于儿童独立活动性的研究成果，介绍了儿童独立活动性的基本概念，从理论模型与实证研究两方面总结了儿童独立活动性的影响因素与作用机制，整理了其测量指标与具体方法，并归纳了相关实践研究。在此基础上，文章指出了现有研究在影响机制、测度方法以及理论向实践转化方面的不足，并提出了对我国的启示内容，以期为我国提供借鉴。

REVIEW OF OVERSEA STUDIES ON CHILDREN'S INDEPENDENT MOBILITY AND IMPLICATIONS

Children's independent mobility is a crucial indicator to measure children's capacity of mobility. Numerous studies have confirmed that children's independent mobility might have positive impacts on physical activity promotion, obesity prevention, social interaction, etc. It is critical for children's healthy development and grown up. Furthermore, in the community and social level, some other positive outcomes of higher children's independent mobility would also be obtained, including easing traffic pressure, ecological and environmental benefits as well as social sustainability. However, recent studies have shown that children's independent mobility has been declining tremendously for decades. Thus researchers abroad have paid great attention to children's independent mobility and made efforts to do in-depth studies on the influencing factors and children's independent mobility promotion interventions. This study aims to summarize the oversea studies on children's independent mobility and then provide references for future studies and practices in China. Firstly, the concept and distinctiveness of children's independent mobility were identified. Secondly, the influencing factors and their impacts in theoretical and empirical research were summarized. The conceptual models of the factors influencing children's independent mobility were introduced and the influencing factors in empirical research, including built environment, social environment, family environment and children themselves, and their effects were outlined and discussed. Thirdly, the measures of children's independent mobility were summed up and analyzed. In addition, potential applications and some interventions for children's independent mobility promotion were illustrated.