跨国教育流动中的刻板印象与身份建构——以在美中国留学生为例

伴随在美中国留学生群体的不断扩大,中国留学生在美国社会中的体验和经历备受关注。本文主要通过深度访谈,了解在美中国留学生与美国本土社会及国内社会的互动,及互动对其塑造社会认同的影响。研究发现,来自美国社会的刻板印象一方面阻碍了该群体的深度融入,另一方面造成了中国留学生群体的“自我规训”,使该群体对于美国社会产生一定的疏离感。此外,在教育流动的过程中,留学生增强了其国家认同,中国人身份和留学生身份处于共生共荣的关系。然而,来自“群体内”的刻板印象增加了留学生群体社会认同建构的不确定性。因此,在美中国留学生群体的身份建构是一个动态的过程,并在“人一人”和“人一地”的互动不断发展和变化。

STEREOTYPE AND IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION UNDER THE BACKGROUND OF TRANSNATIONAL EDUCATION MOBILITY: A CASE STUDY OF CHINESE INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS IN THE UNITED STATES

With the continuous expansion of the Chinese overseas student population in the United States, the experience of Chinese students in American society drew much attention. This study focused on Chinese international students' interaction with both Chinese and American society because although they lived in American society, they used social media to connect with their friends and relatives who were living in China, and know things happened in the in-group society. Both these two places affected and shaped the students' identity. Thus, this paper explored the impact of the interaction on shaping the students' identity through in-depth interviews, which was able to provide a nuanced understanding of the feelings and experiences of participants about encountering stereotypes. This paper recruited 10 participants who studied at the University of Florida as undergraduate and graduate students to conduct the interviews. It was found that stereotypes from American society hindered the deep integration of Chinese students. Also, it caused Chinese students' self-discipline, reminding themselves as the minority, which made them feel alienated from American society. In addition, the gap between the high expectations of studying in the United States and American society, and the actual experience of Chinese students in the United States enhanced their emotional connections with the motherland.