近五百年来淮河中游地区蝗灾初探

本文以淮河流域中游皖北地区近20个州县为对象,对明至民国时期计500余年的蝗灾发生次数、时空分布、原因等基本情况进行了初步的探讨。认为流域中游地区最近500年来的蝗灾无论是在时间序列上,还是在空间地域的分布上,都有显著的不均衡特征,没有所谓的周期性或韵律性现象。首先在时序上,存在几个蝗灾相对多发期和少发期相间的情况。其次在空间方面,大规模的蝗灾较为稀少,而以局部地区规模的灾害为多;中游下段地区的蝗灾次数多于其上段地区的灾次。该地区蝗灾的发生,与黄河长期夺淮造成的水文变迁、水旱灾害叠发等生态环境和土地利用规模、方式等社会经济的负向变化有密不可分的关系。

A Primary Study on Locust Disaster of Huaihe Valley during the Ming Dynasty and Minguo Period

This article makes a study on locust disaster at the middle reaches of Huaihe Valley, the north of Anhui province. It includes times, spatio-temporal distributing and the causes of locust disaster. There are marked disproportion characters at the spatio-temporal distributing of locust disaster in the recent several centuries. Firstly, from the angle of time distributing, there are several frequent times and infrequent times, which is relatively. Secondly, large-scale locust disasters are few, and partial regional locust disasters are many. It was Yellow River’s flowage that brought on great infaust changes toward the environment and the utilization of tilled land. This is the ultimate cause of locust disaster at the middle reaches of Huaihe Valley.