明代上洛县主墓出土彩绘木质文物的保护与研究

2007年6—7月，在位于西安市长安县北里王村村东的上洛县主墓中，出土了一批色彩鲜艳的彩绘木俑。因该墓葬曾遭受早期盗扰，出土时木俑较为凌乱摆放在墓室前厅，原来的摆放位置已被扰乱。出土的彩绘木俑均有不同程度的腐朽，其中部分彩绘木俑保存较完整，部分有残缺；整体彩绘保存相对完整，局部有脱落现象。由于长期遭受墓葬环境的影响，所有的彩绘木俑出土时都处于亚饱水状态，而且机械强度较低，没有彩绘或彩绘脱落部位的木胎外观变黄、变脆。这批木俑的木俑颜色鲜艳、姿态各异，不仅具有较高的艺术价值，而且对研究明代民间的宗教信仰，以及葬丧习俗也颇有裨益。为了保护这批珍贵的文物，通过对比试验研究，采用自然脱水法使其脱水定形。使用3％PrimalAC33的水溶液对其彩绘层进行加固保护。同时，在保护处理的过程中，通过显微观察以及一些科学分析手段，对这批木俑的制作方法、装饰材料及工艺进行了初步的探索与研究。

Conservation and Investigation of Painted Wooden Figures Excavated from the Tomb of Princess Shangluo, Ming Dynasty

During June and July, 2007, a group of painted wooden figures were excavated from the tomb of princess Shangluo which is east to Beiliwang village, Changan, Xi＇an. Due to the robbery in the past, the wooden figures lay on the floor of the front part of the grave disorderly when excavated. The painted wooden figures were deteriorated differently; some were complete while some were damaged heavily. The pigments on the figures were relatively preserved well except some were lost. Because the figures have been buried in the tomb where has a high relative humidity （ about 100% ） for a long time, they were sub-water logged when excavated. For stabilizing these rare objects, several treatment methods had been tested and compared. The wooden substance was stabilized by slow drying in a controlled environment and the pigments on the surface were consolidated with a 3% Primal AC33 solution. Meanwhile, the manufactory techniques and decoration techniques of the figures have also been studied by using some modern analytical techniques.