胁迫视角下乡村旅游地文化影响研究进展与框架构建

乡村文化的保护和发展不仅是新时期我国乡村振兴的重要课题，也是乡村旅游可持续发展的关键所在。旅游开发在带来乡村经济振兴的同时，更多的是胁迫乡村文化生态系统发生变化、产生反应或功能失调，进而导致乡村文化的受损甚至消亡。通过国内外乡村旅游地文化影响相关文献的梳理归纳和研究评述，本文发现当前研究缺乏基于文化胁迫视角的理论框架、文化影响的系统性研究及量化表达薄弱。在系统回顾胁迫生态理论的科学内涵和发展趋势的基础上，指出其应用在乡村旅游人地关系研究中的重要意义，进而提出旅游开发对乡村文化的胁迫模型和胁迫视角下乡村旅游地文化影响研究亟需解决的核心问题。最后从时间-空间-社会维度出发，构建旅游开发对乡村文化胁迫研究的理论框架和内容体系，以期为快速城镇化和旅游发展背景下的乡村振兴、乡村文化保护和乡村旅游可持续发展提供理论参考。

THE RESEARCH PROGRESS AND FRAMEWORK CONSTRUCTION OF CULTURAL IMPACTS OF RURAL TOURISM DESTINATIONS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF STRESS

The cultural impact of rural tourism has always been the focus of tourism scholars. With the rapid development of tourism industry since 1980. While tourism development brings about the vitalization of rural economy, it is more likely to coerce the rural cultural ecosystem into changing, reacting or experiencing dysfunction, which may eventually lead to the destruction or even extinction of rural culture. However, detailed examination of cultural impact of rural tourism as a negative effect is missing from the literature. Through the domestic and overseas literature review on the cultural impact of rural tourism destination, we found some shortcomings in current research, such as the lack of theoretical research framework based on the perspective of cultural stress, the insufficiency of systematic research and quantitative expression of the impact of rural tourism on rural culture. Based on the systematic review of the scientific connotations and development trends of the stress ecology theory, we pointed out the importance of its application in the study of man-land relationship in rural tourism. Furthermore, we proposed the stress model of tourism development on rural culture including the three evolution stages of alarm phase, resistance phase and exhaustion phase. From the dimensions of time, space and society, we finally constructed the theoretical framework and the content system of the study on rural cultural stress caused by tourism development.