陕西窑洞传统乡村聚落景观基因组图谱构建及特征分析

窑洞聚落是黄土高原最典型的聚落形态,它具有悠久的历史、深厚的精神文化内涵以及独特的文化景观特征,在陕西渭北地区和陕北黄土高原丘陵沟壑区分布广泛。本研究基于传统聚落景观基因组图谱的相关研究,以陕西31个窑洞传统乡村聚落为研究对象,按照“单个窑洞聚落、多个窑洞聚落、特定研究区”三个层次,构建了窑洞聚落的典型院落图谱、空间序列图谱、院落模式图谱、排列模式图谱和空间格局图谱五大类型图谱体系。通过分析窑洞聚落景观基因组图谱的基本特征,进一步验证了构建窑洞聚落景观基因组图谱的必要性和迫切性。本研究旨在丰富景观基因组图谱层次,推动景观基因研究向区域层面发展,并为窑洞聚落景观基因信息链修复及景观基因区域识别系统构建等相关研究奠定基础,为保护与发展窑洞聚落提供科学依据。

THE LANDSCAPE GENOME MAPS CONSTRUCTION AND CHARACTERISTICS ANALYSIS OF SHAANXI TRADITIONAL RURAL CAVE DWELLING SETTLEMENTS

Cave dwelling settlement is one of the most typical settlement forms on the loess plateau, which obtains a long history, profound spiritual and cultural connotation and unique cultural landscape characteristics. This paper is based on the correlative analysis of the landscape genome maps among traditional settlements and it takes thirty-one traditional rural cave dwelling settlements of Shaanxi province as the research objects. According to the three levels as "the single traditional rural cave dwelling settlement, the multiple traditional rural cave dwelling settlements and the specific study area", five types of the traditional rural cave dwelling settlements maps system, including the typical courtyard pattern map, the spatial sequence map of a single traditional rural cave dwelling settlement and the courtyard patterns maps, the arrangement patterns maps of multiple traditional rural cave dwelling settlements and the spatial patterns map of the study area, are constructed. After that, via analyzing the basic characteristics of the landscape genome maps, the necessity and urgency of constructing the landscape genome maps have been furtherly verified by it.