中国产业集群研究中的主体能动性与多方验证方法

结合国情的中国产业集群研究需要关注集群内外相关众多主体的合作行动和主体能动性。从属性数据、关系数据以及观念数据的分析视角来看,已有的产业集群研究方法对于各主体的多样性及能动性缺乏充分的考察。源于经济地理而构建的多方验证方法考察集群相关主体的观念数据,悬置对于主体的各种先入为主的假定,在开放与批判的前提下解释多种数据,在此基础上形成对于主体能动性的深度理解,以支持对于集群机制的进一步研究。因而,多方验证方法在产业集群研究中的应用有助于增进案例研究的解释力,促进对于集群主体能动性的理解,并在理论上、方法上与实践上具有广阔的发展空间。

HUMAN AGENCY, TRIANGULATIONS AND INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS IN CHINA

There is an urgent need for researching into the domain of human agency of actors within the realistic cluster context of China. Human agency of actors, which involves actors' awareness, consciousness, creativity, activity, and so on, is a key to the dynamics of clusters if the evolutionary processes are carefully examined. Human agency of actors has specific influence on clusters' different stages of being initiated, upgraded, transformed and even declining. The reality of clusters can never be easily realized unless enough attention is paid to human agency of actors related to clusters.
However, the insufficiency to understand human agency is also found when the approaches of cluster research are carefully examined according to typology of data. Most of the approaches deal with "attribute data" and "relational data", which describe the attributes and relationships of clusters, firms, moons and any related object. Compared with attribute data and relational data, "ideational data" of actors can offer basic information to understand human agency. But ideational data is almost completely ignored and usually treated as unscientific data by researchers. This situation should be changed because the human agency of entrepreneurs, officials and workers has important effect on clusters' development. Ontologically, actors' wills and efforts as well as their interactions fundamentally change the clusters they related to. Indeed, ideational data give us a chance to have further understanding of actors' human agency in clusters.
Then, a methodological framework of triangulatious, which is introduced from economic geography and is meticulously adapted with the light shed by phenomenology and hermeneutics, comes up to meet the requirement of understanding human agency of actors in clusters. The framework of triangulations is reconstructed to examine the ideational data of actors in clusters and to focus on human agency. It blankets any presumptions of actor's behaviors. Then it seeks for attribute data and relational data to further the understanding of actors and the context of clusters, and reconstructs explanations of evolution of clusters based on human agency of actors openly and critically. Any researcher led by framework of triangulation can deeply realize the implication of ideational data by learning the way actors consider and behave in the context of their clusters. This helps to advance the understanding of cluster evolution.
With the application of framework of triangnlations, theories on clusters evolution can be reconstructed reflexively according to human agency, care about people who live and work in clusters, and appreciate actors' struggle to make a living-a key topic of economic geography. Thus, the framework of triangulations has important theoretical and practical implications for economic geography and human geography, and it needs to be deeply developed and be systematically applied to the practices of industrial clusters in China.