清代红釉(彩)瓷的呈色元素分析

清代是我国古陶瓷生产最辉煌的时期,烧造的瓷器品种繁多,各类颜色釉的制作水平达到了历史高峰。清代的红釉(彩)名称更是多达几十种,如“矾红”、“抹红”、“珊瑚红”、“红彩”、“钧红”、“均红”、“鲜红”、“郎窑红”、“牛血红”、“霁红”、“宝石红”、“豇豆红”、“釉里红”、“胭脂红”、“胭脂水”、“粉红”等。为弄清各种称谓红釉(彩)的主要呈色元素及其影响作用,本工作采用无损的X射线能谱分析(EDXRF)技术对清代瓷器的红釉(彩)进行系统测试,获得了各种红釉(彩)呈色元素定性及半定量数据。分析结果表明,清代红釉彩可以依据呈色元素划分为四类,即低温铁红彩(Fe)、高温铜红釉(Cu)、低温金红彩(Au)和朱砂红彩(HgS),并且各元素含量的改变会影响红釉(彩)呈色。

Pigmentation for red glazes and colours in Qing Dynasty porcelain

It is the most brilliant period for porcelain production in Qing Dynasty.The wares were widely different,stretching the limits of what was possibly to make.Some of the finest porcelain ever made was produced during this period.In this article,the authors focused on the analysis of red glazes and colours of the porcelain made in Qing Dynasty.There are dozens of titles for red glazes and colours,for example,Vitriol red,washed red,iron red,Jun red,fresh red, langyao red,ox-blood red,sacrificial red,ruby red,bean red,underglaze red,rouge red,rouge water,coral red,rose pink etc.In order to investigate composition of the pigmentation elements involved in these red glazes and colours in Qing Dynasty,the nondestructive energy dispersive Xray fluoresecence spectroscopy(EDXRF) was applied on more than fifty collected Qing porcelains.Based on the analytical data,the following conclusions were drawn: four types red glazes and colours can be categorized by pigmentation elements,those are iron red,copper red,gold red and vermilion red,and the colour intensity of red glazes and colours was changed by the contents of pigment.