略论19世纪上半期德国社会三大思潮

19世纪上半期,自由主义、民族主义、保守主义等三大思潮影响着德国社会的发展。自由主义在德国表现出温和、保守和依赖国家政权的特点;民族主义首先是资产阶级化的知识分子的运动,呈现浓烈的文化色彩;保守主义则以传统、秩序和稳定为原则,展开了与自由主义、民族主义等要求改变现状者的对抗。三大思潮对日后德国历史的走向产生了重要影响。

Three Trends of Thoughts in Germany in the First Half of 19th Century

In the first half of 19th century, the thoughts of liberalism, nationalism and conservatism influenced the social development of Germany. German liberalism showed the character of mildness and conservativeness relying on the state political power; Nationalism reflected the movement of bourgeoisified intellectuals in the first place; Conservatism adhered to the principle of tradition, order and stability and opposed the liberalism and nationalism. The three trends of thoughts had important influence upon German history in the days to come.