明代赣南的风水、科举与乡村社会"士绅化"

自明中期起,赣南社会掀起一股造风水、兴科举的热潮。在这股热潮中,地方官的倡导、地方绅士的响应起了很大的作用。明代赣南社会出现这股热潮,表明了明代中期以来中国传统社会追求“士绅化”的心态。把风水和科举联系起来,虽然是中国人祈福求祥心态的自然反映,但并非单纯是风水术上的一个发展问题,更不是赣派风水发源地赣南独特的社会现象,而是宋以来南中国整体社会变迁的一个过程和结果。风水这类看似游离于官方意识形态的民俗观念,其实蕴藏着非常复杂的国家与社会的互动关系,应放置于整体社会变迁的背景中加以考察。

The Movement of Integrating Geomancy with Imperial Examination of Southern Jiangxi and Gentrification of Rural Society in Ming Dynasty

A fashion of gentrification of local people initiated by local officials and gentry emerged in Southern Jiangxi region in the mid-Ming dynasty which indicated the gentrification of rural society of Southern Jiangxi,as more and more local people changed geomancy in order to make progress with imperial examination.Though it is the natural reflection of Chinese ideology of seeking happiness and luck that integrated geomancy with imperial examination,it was not because of the development of geomantic magic arts rather than as a result of the special folk custom of Southern Jiangxi.It is the process and result of the whole social change of southern China from Song dynasty.There is a complex relation between the state and the personal in the folk customs like geomancy,which seemed to have no relation with official ideology.So we should research it on the background of whole social change.