对秦兵马俑彩绘保护技术的思考与建议

秦陶俑彩绘保护是秦始皇陵保护的重点和难点。对秦兵马俑目前的现状进行全面介绍的基础上分析了损坏的原因,指出损坏是由历史、力学以及物理化学等原因共同造成。然后详细评价了PEG200和聚氨酯(PU)乳液联合处理的保护方法与单体材料渗透、电子束辐照固化(EB)的保护方法,并指出了这两种技术的优势及所存在的问题;还介绍了一些辅助加固技术并详细介绍了冷冻干燥法、盐溶液干燥法以及室温干燥法的原理和操作;之后提出了加固剂制备与陶俑保护一体化的设想、均匀场的设想以及稳定生漆层的设想。

Thought and suggestion on protection techniques of paint layers of Qin Terracotta Army

The protection of painting layer of Qin Terracotta Army is the key and difficult problem in the protection of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum.Based on the comprehensive introduction of the present state of Qin Terracotta Army,its cause of being destroyed were analyzed.The factors such as history,mechanics,physics and chemistry mutually caused the de- struction.Two protecting methods,one was combining PEG200 and PU latex,the other was monomer infiltrated solidified by electron beam,were particular evaluated.The advantage and disadvantage of the two methods were analysed.The prin- cipium and operation of some assistant reinforce technologies such as frozen drying method,salt aqua drying method and room temperature drying method were introduced.Then some conceived method that producing reinforce materials incorpo- rated with protecting terracotta figures,uniform field and steadying laquer layer were put forward.